Potions

It's time to return to the Nether. Use your cobblestone generator to take as much Cobblestone as you need. Find the Nether Fortress. Find some Blazes to kill them and collect their Blaze Rods and get an achievement. While we're here, use your sword to return a Ghast Fireball back at it and earn another achievement.

Return to your base with some Blaze Rods and some Nether Wart. Craft a Brewing Stand with 1 Blaze Rod and 3 Cobblestone. Place a chest nearby to store all of your Potion ingredients. There should also be a Water Source nearby to fill Glass Bottles with Water. Use 30 Glass to make 30 Glass Bottles.

All Potions begin with an Awkward Potion. Brew an Awkward Potion by brewing Nether Wart into 3 Water Bottles. You get an achievement for brewing a potion. The following potions are available to you:

Potion of Strength:

Brew this potion using Blaze Powder. This potion makes your attacks stronger. Brew again with Redstone to make it last longer, or with Glowstone to increase the strength even further.

Potion of Instant Health:

Brew with a Glistering Melon, this potion restores 2 Hearts the moment you drink it. You can brew this potion again with Glowstone to make it heal 4 hearts.

Potion of Fire Resistance:

This potion temporarily makes you immune to Fire-based damage. Brew with Magma Cream, and again with Redstone to make it last longer.

Potion of Night Vision:

Allows you to see in the dark, and underwater. Brew with a Golden Carrot and then again with Redstone to make it last longer.

Potion of Haste:

Brewed with Sugar, your moving speed will be 20% faster. Brew again with Glowstone to move 40% faster but half the duration, or brew with Redstone to make it last longer.

Potion of Water Breathing:

Brewed with a Puffer Fish that you can rarely get when fishing. Temporarily allows you to breathe underwater. Brew again with Redstone to make the potion's effect last longer.

Splash Potion of Harming:

To make this you must first make a Potion of Poison by brewing the base Awkward Potion with a Spider Eye. Then brew the Potion of Poison with a Fermented Spider Eye to get the Potion of Harming. Finally you brew again with Gunpowder to get the Splash Potion.

Splash Potion of Weakness:

This is the first step to curing Zombie Villagers back to Villagers. Brew a Potion of Weakness by brewing an Awkward Potion with a Fermented Spider Eye, then turn it into a Splash Potion by brewing it again with a Gunpowder.

There is only a few potions that I didn't list here, but these are the most common ones. You can also keep a Nether Wart garden nearby placing Nether Wart on Soul Sand. Once you're able to make Potions of Fire Resistance it becomes MUCH easier to fight Blazes.